Town sewage treatment plant operation management manual
2019-06-17
First, the operation management of the pre-processing part for sewage treatment plant
(1) Grille
1. Determination of the number of grid tables
Through the flow meter and water level gauge installed in the front of the sewage plant, the flow rate of the sewage entering the sewage plant and the water depth in the canal can be known, and then the relationship between the inflowing sewage volume and the number of grid worktables designed according to the design recommendation or operation operation rules is determined to be put into operation. The number of grilles. The number of grids put into operation can also be determined by calculation of the optimum grid flow rate.
2. Removal of grid residue
When the grill decontamination machine is cleaned daily, it is mainly controlled by the liquid level difference before the grid. If necessary, combine the time and stop mode to control. Regardless of the method used, the duty officer should always visit the site on a regular basis. The amount of grid slag accumulated by the manual start-stop method is determined by many factors. When the amount of slag is large in one day, one month or one year, the management should pay attention to the summary. In order to improve operational efficiency. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the inspection to find out the fault of the grid decontamination machine in time; press and clean the grid slag in time, and do the ventilation between the grids.
3. Regularly check the sanding of the channel
Due to the slowing of the sewage flow rate. Or the roughness in the channel is increased, sand may be accumulated in the channels before and after the grille, and the sand or repair channels should be cleaned regularly.
4. Do a good job of measuring and recording
The weight or capacity of the daily slag amount should be determined, and whether the grid is operating normally can be judged by the change in the amount of slag.
(2) Grit chamber
Water distribution and gas distribution
Each cell of the aerated grit chamber generally has a water distribution regulating gate and an air regulating valve. The operating condition of the grit chamber should be inspected frequently, and the inflowing sewage volume and air volume should be adjusted in time to make the working condition of each grit chamber. (The liquid level, water volume, gas volume, and sand discharge times) are the same.
2. Sand discharge
The main point of sand discharge operation is to arrange the number of sand discharges according to the amount of sand and the variation law to ensure timely sand discharge. Too many sanding times may cause the moisture content of the sand to be too large (except for the sand lifting of the grab) or increase the operating cost due to unnecessary operations. If the number of sand discharges is too small, it will cause sand accumulation, increase the difficulty of sand discharge, and even destroy the sand discharge equipment. At the time of regular sand discharge, pay close attention to the amount of sand discharged, the moisture content of the sand, the operation of the equipment, and adjust the number of sand discharges in time. For combined sewage systems, the number of sand discharges should be increased when it rains.
Whether it is driving with a pump sand or a chain scraper, stop the sanding for a period of time due to malfunction or other reasons. Can't start directly. Care should be taken to check the amount of sand in the sand pool at the bottom of the pool, such as too much sand. Manual sanding should be drained from the grit chamber to avoid damage to the equipment due to overload.
3. Remove dross
The scum on the grit chamber should be removed regularly by mechanical or manual means, otherwise the odor will affect the sanitation, or the scum will cause clogging of the equipment or pipeline.
It is necessary to frequently inspect the operation status of the scum scraping slag discharge facility and the amount of scum on the pool surface.
4. Washing sand and sand
The sand discharged from the bottom of the grit chamber generally contains some organic matter and is prone to odor. The sand washing room should clean the sand in time and clear it out. It should also be cleaned and maintained frequently. The sand washing and sand removing equipment and the sand washing room are in good sanitation.
5. Make a good measurement and operation record
(1) Items measured or recorded daily: sand removal, aeration
(2) Regularly measured items: sand content and organic content in wet sand
(3) Measurable items: Sand gradation in dry sand, generally in accordance with the screening test of 0.10, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.3.
(3) Sewage lift pump room
1. Pump group operation scheduling
The sewage from the municipal sewage treatment plant generally does not have a regulating tank before entering the pumping station. In order to ensure that the pumping capacity is consistent with the amount of incoming water, the operation schedule of the pumping group should pay attention to the following: 1 Try to use the combination of large and small pumps to meet the water volume, and It is not adjusted by valves to reduce pipe head loss. Energy saving and lowering; 2 Maintaining the high water level of the collecting pool can reduce the lifting head; 3 The number of lifting and stopping of the pump should not be too frequent; 4 The number of times and time of each pump should be basically balanced.
2. Pay attention to the changes of various meter hands
For example, vacuum gauges, pressure gauges, ammeters, bearing thermometers, and oil level needle changes. If the pointer is biased or beats, the cause should be ascertained and resolved in time.
3. Maintenance of the pool
Because the sewage flow rate is slowed, muddy sand may deposit to the bottom of the sump. When cleaning regularly, you should pay attention to the safety of ordinary people. Before the Qingchi, the personnel should be able to work in the pool after forced exhaustion. A certain amount of ventilation should be maintained after the pool. It is best for each operator to work under the pool for no more than 30 minutes.
4. Make a good running record
The contents that should be recorded in each shift are: the display value of the main meter, the station number of the pump in each period, the abnormal situation and the processing result.
Second, the operation and management of the primary sinking pool
Second, the operation and management of the primary sinking pool
(1) According to the form of the primary sedimentation tank and the form of the scraping equipment, determine the scraping method, the length of the scraping period, avoid the sludge from being too long to stay and cause the floating mud; nor because the scraping mud is too frequent and too fast, the disturbance has subsided. Sludge.
(2) If the initial settling tank is used for intermittent sedimentation, it is best to use automatic control. The start of the mud pump is controlled by time, and the closing of the mud pump is controlled by a concentration meter or densitometer installed on the sludge line. When it is not possible to control automatically, manually control the number of sludge discharges and mud discharge time according to the inspection, and pay attention to observe the color change of the sample mud on the sludge discharge pipe when possible; adjust the mud discharge time in time. When the initial settling tank adopts continuous sludge discharge, attention should be paid to controlling the sludge discharge flow so that the sludge discharge concentration meets the process requirements.
(3) Regular inspections, whether the overflow flow rate of each sedimentation tank is the same. The outflow triangle is evenly distributed. Whether the mouth is blocked by scum and made timely adjustment or finishing.
(4) Always observe whether the scum scraper is damaged, whether the scum scraper and the scum bucket slag baffle are properly matched, and adjust or repair in time.
(5) Observe whether the scum in the slag bucket can be discharged smoothly.
(6) Pay attention to observe whether there is abnormal noise in the scraping mud, scraping slag and mud discharging equipment, whether there are any loose parts, and if necessary, repair in time.
(7) The mud discharge pipeline should be flushed once a month to prevent sand and grease from accumulating in the pipe or outside the valve. In winter, the number of flushing should be increased.
(8) The primary sedimentation tank should be emptied once a year, thoroughly cleaned and inspected: corrosion of the underwater components, lubrication; whether there is sand or dead zone at the bottom of the pool; whether the scraper is in close contact with the bottom of the tank; Is there any sand in the mud pipe?
(9) Determine and judge whether the SS removal rate has decreased to see if the following causes exist. Influent sewage hydraulic load is too large; short flow; scraping mud and mud discharge cycle is too long or mud discharge time is too short to cause mud and float.
(10) Analyze, measure and record. The following should be recorded for each shift: water temperature and pH; the operation of the scraper and mud pump; the number of sludge discharges and sludge discharge time; the number of scum discharges and the amount of time or scum. Contents to be measured and recorded daily: C0Dcr, BOD5, TS, pH, ss average value of influent and effluent, removal rate; solid content of sludge discharge; volatile solid content of sludge discharge.
Third, the operation management of the aeration tank and the second settling tank
Third, the operation management of the aeration tank and the second settling tank
(1) Operation management of traditional activated sludge treatment system
(1) Regularly check and adjust the distribution system of the aeration tank water distribution system and the return sludge to ensure uniformity of sewage and sludge entering each series or pool.
(2) Always observe the static sinking speed, SV and SVI of the aeration tank mixture. If sludge expansion occurs in the activated sludge, it is judged whether the following reasons exist: the organic matter of the inflowing sewage is too small, the F/M load in the helium gas pool is too low; the nitrogen and phosphorus in the inflowing sewage are insufficiently nutrient; the low pH value is not conducive to the bacterial growth of the bacteria micelle; The mixed liquid DO is low; the sewage water temperature is high. And timely take targeted measures to control sludge expansion.
(3) Regularly observe the occurrence of foam in the aeration tank, determine the cause of abnormal increase in foam, and take timely measures.
(4) Clearing part of the scum floating outside the corner of the aeration tank in time.
(5) Regularly check the oxygenation efficiency of the air diffuser to determine if the air diffuser is clogged and clear it in time.
(6) Pay attention to the condition of the liquid level of the aeration tank and check whether there is any air diffuser blocked or dropped for timely replacement.
(7) Determine the DO of the aeration tank mixture for each shift, and adjust the oxygenation amount of the aeration system in time, or set the air supply automatic adjustment system.
(8) Pay attention to the damage of the aeration tank guardrail and replace or repair it in time.
(9) When the groundwater level is high, if the aeration tank or the secondary settling tank is emptied, it should be noted that the water should be drained first and then vented to avoid drifting.
(10) Regularly check the apricots and adjust the water distribution facilities of the secondary settling tank to make the mixture entering each pool uniform.
(11) Regularly check and adjust the flatness of the water board to prevent uneven water flow and short flow, and timely remove the dross hanging on the water discharge board.
(12) Check the slag discharge condition in time and rinse the slag bucket frequently with water.
(13) Remove the biofilm from the sink in time.
(14) It is often detected whether the water carries away the micro-sludge floc, causing abnormal loss of sludge. It is judged whether there is the following reasons for the abnormal loss of sludge: the sludge load is low and the aeration is excessive. The concentration of toxic substances in the influent sewage suddenly rises to cause bacterial poisoning, the sludge activity is reduced and defrosted, and measures are taken to solve the problem in time.
(15) Always observe the liquid level of the second settling tank to see if there is any sludge floating. If the local sludge is large, the sludge will be black and smelly. Then there is a dead zone in the second settling tank; if many sludges are floating up and different from the above, the DO of the aeration tank mixture is low, and the sludge in the second settling tank is denitrified. Measures should be taken in time to avoid affecting the quality of the effluent.
(16) Generally, the secondary settling tank should be emptied and repaired once a year to check whether there is any abnormality in the cooperation of underwater equipment, pipelines, pool bottom and equipment, and the well should be repaired in time.
(17) Analyze, measure and record the test items for each shift: SV and DO of the aerated mixture (once per hour or online).
The items should be measured daily: the flow rate of the inflow and outflow Q, the amount of aeration or the number of operating units of the aerator, and the amount of sludge returned.
Amount of discharged sludge; water quality indicators of inlet and outlet water: CODcr, BOD5, SS, pH value; sewage water temperature; MLSS, MLVSS of activated sludge; mixed liquid SVI; MLSS of reflux sludge, MLVSS; activated sludge biological phase.
The determined indicators should be calculated daily or weekly: sludge load F/M, sludge return ratio R, surface hydraulic load and solid load of the secondary settling tank. Hydraulic retention time and sludge residence time.
(II) Operation and management of A/0 biological nitrogen removal treatment system
(1) Whether the nitrification efficiency is lowered or the effluent NH3-N is increased because the alkalinity of the inflowing sewage is insufficient or acidic. The pH of the nitrification section should be greater than 6.5. The alkalinity of the secondary sedimentation tank should not be less than 20mg/L. Otherwise, lime should be added to the nitrification section.
(2) If the oxygen supply in the aeration tank is insufficient or the system discharges too much, the nitrification efficiency will decrease, and the aeration volume and sludge discharge amount should be adjusted in time. However, the DO is too high, the system is muddy and the sludge is too long, and the sludge is easily over-aerated under low load conditions, causing the sludge to deflocate. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly observe the nitrification efficiency and sludge characteristics, and adjust the aeration volume and sludge discharge amount.
(3) If the TN content of the influent wastewater is too high, or the sewage water temperature is too low (less than 15 °C), the efficiency of the biological nitrogen removal system will decrease. At this time, the aeration tank should be increased or the mixed liquid MLVSS should be increased to ensure good Sludge running load.
(4) Whether the internal reflux ratio of the system is frequently observed and the stirring speed of the anoxic section is too large to prevent the DO in the anoxic section from being high.
(5) The internal reflux is too small, and the NO3ˉ-N which is returned to the anoxic section is insufficient, which will cause the TN of the secondary settling tank to exceed the standard. The internal reflux ratio should be adjusted in time, but the anoxic section DO cannot be larger than the internal reflux ratio. 0.5 mg/L.
(6) Frequently measure the ratio of influent wastewater B0D5, which should be maintained at around 5~7, which will not make the resources required for denitrification too small, nor will the carbon source required for nitrification be too high, otherwise it should pass through the primary sedimentation tank. Or increase the residence time of the primary settling tank, add organic carbon sources and other measures to change the BOD5 / TN ratio.
(7) Do a good job of analysis, measurement and recording
Except for the items to be tested by the traditional activated sludge method. The following items should also be measured periodically:
1 Items that should be measured several times per shift: DO of the aerobic section mixture, pH of the aerobic section mixture.
2 Items to be measured daily: system influent, alkalinity of effluent and NH3-N and NO3ˉ-N in TN and secondary sedimentation tanks.
3 Daily should be calculated indicators: reflux ratio in the mixture, influent sewage BOD5 / TN, sludge load and sludge age.